Steel structures have two major shortcomings: poor fire resistance, with strength sharply decreasing at high temperatures, requiring the application of fireproof coatings for protection; and prone to rust, necessitating regular rust removal, galvanization, or painting for maintenance. Under the "dual carbon" goal, steel structures, due to their low carbon and recyclability, have become representatives of green buildings. In the future, they will transition towards prefabrication and digitalization, integrating BIM technology and intelligent production lines, promoting high-performance steel materials, and their potential in the residential sector will gradually be unleashed.
